| Projects which can be designed to use invertebrate species instead of vertebrate species represent a type of phylogenetic reduction which was discussed as a replacement technique. Such broad jumps across the phylogenetic scale are not always possible, but less dramatic shifts can significantly reduce the numbers of higher species being used in research, teaching and testing. In many instances, the theory of phylogenetic reduction has been blurred by a species's use as a companion animal with little regard for phylogenetic ranking. The animals chosen for project usage should be the least advanced from a phylogenetic standpoint that will provide the necessary data. The principle of phylogenetic reduction is generally well accepted as a way to reduce the number of animals used, but it often brings many hidden difficulties. As one descends the phylogenetic scale, the available information on the maintenance and use of these animals often becomes difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. When choosing a study model, it is critical that the principal investigator take into account their ability to provide appropriate care for the species chosen. Phylogenetic reduction is an important means of decreasing the number of animals used, but should be practiced carefully and with the full knowledge of the requirements of the species chosen. |
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