EARLY 20^th CENTURY STYLES (PART 1)

-Ego, Id, Superego; Plato- reason, appetites, honor

-Repression

-Sublimation

-Projection

-Civilization and Psychology

-ways to make sense of the modern world

-Freud the mechanist?

-two competing moralities

-"God is dead" and human responsibility

-psychology of morality; psychology of history

-overview of reading:

1. The decline of moral responsibility?

-the opposite of Nietzsche’s wish may be coming true: too many choices lead to the decline in values, our trust in them, our trust in moral certitude

Herein arrives "moral drift" (Milgram, 1963)

 

2. Lost in the Pluralism?

-representing the modern condition

Picasso-a leader of 20^th century style

-Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

-African influence (People’s Republic of Congo) (Cf. Fig.20.3)

-Fig. 20.3

-Colors of postimpressionists

-Cubist ancestory

Emotions and Reasons

-Fleming, p. 581

1900 Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams is published

1) Vs. Impressionism

-expressionism favors psychological states rather than fleeting light and shadow of impressionism

-Freud, Nietzsche

2) Vs. realism

-expressionists were fully conscious of the idea of art as imitation, but pursued explorations of the mind, spirit, and imagination.

Edvard Munch- "prophet of expressionism"

-The Scream (1895)

-Influenced expressionists

-Why? Geometric distortions; freedom from Western stereotypes, academics

-Queen Mother Head

-Frazer 1890: looking at other cultures’ mores and taboos; the significance of the leopard…

Amedeo Modigliani

-Head compare with Yellow Sweater (Portrait of Mme. Hebuterne)

Constantin Brancusi

-Bird in Space (1925)

-Brancusi: worked with medium, rather than to form it into something different from its essence; motion

Henry Moore

-Reclining Figure (1939)

Stravinsky

Strauss

Schoenberg

Jazz

Fauvism: "Wild beast"ism

-influences: stained glass windows, Romanesque sculpture (see Ch. 6), emotionalism of van Gogh, colors of Gaugain

Henri Matisse

-relatively calm for a wild beast; arrangement is his expression

The Germans:

Franz Marc

Vasily Kandinsky

-both keep a link to natural world, but grip is shaking

-geometrical shapes, -patterns, -lines, -angles, -not unimportant minor details

Cubism- first worked out in painting

Pablo Picasso

-Three Musicians (1921)

Georges Braque

-Human Head (1909)

-sought release from the shackles of the past

Nietzsche-

History is the process of the dead burying the living

Umberto Boccioni-