NORTHERN RENAISSANCE STYLE I


Intro:  Things to look for in the Northern Style:
1) medium of painting  ------------>
2) classical or medieval?  -------------->

  1. The North circa 1400

    1. Commercial revolution and trade

      2.  

    2. Intellectual and cultural climate

 

 

Claus Sluter Well of Moses (1395-1403)
  1. Painting in Flanders

 

    1. Robert Campin

      2. The Merode Altarpiece

    2. Jan van Eyck

(Hubert and Jan van Eyck) Ghent Altarpiece   1432

 

Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami

 

VIDEO:

  1. Describe the iconography of Sluter’s Well of Moses.

    2.  

  2. In what ways may Campin’s painting be said to be realistic?

    3.  

  3. What were Jan van Eyck’s contributions to the Northern Style?

 

 

    1. Hugo van der Goes

      2. Portinari Altarpiece c. 1476

       

    2. Hieronymous Bosch

      3. Garden of Earthly Delights   c. 1500

       

       

       

    3. Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The Wedding Feast  c. 1567

 

 

Hunters in the Snow c. 1565

 

 
  1. Painting in Germany
    1. Albrecht Durer

      2. Self Portrait   1498

       

      Madonna and Child with a Multitude of Animals      1503

       

      Four Apostles            1526

       

    2. Matthias Grunewald

 

Nativity           1515

 

Crucifixion             1515

 
  1. Painting in England
    1. Hans Holbein the Younger

 

Allegorical Portrait of Jean de Dinteville and George de Selve           1533

 
The Reformation

    1. Martin Luther

1) Is the Church an equal authority to the Bible?: Sola Scriptura

"The ungodly papists prefer the authority of the church far above God’s word; a blasphemy abominable and not to be endured; void of all shame and piety, they spit in God’s face. Truly, God’s patience is exceeding great, in that they are not destroyed; but so it always has been."

(from Table Talk, a book of religious sayings attributed to Luther)


Recall Aquinas:    -we can learn the ways of God through various means, including but not limited to the Bible...

 

  1. On Church abuses (95 theses)

Julius II and Leo X proclaim indulgences for the construction of new Saint Peter’s basilica

John Tetzel, a monk, said in April of 1517:

"As soon as the coin in the box rings, the soul from purgatory springs" (Quoted in Carter Lindberg’s The European Reformations)

-Luther on indulgences

                                                       ****-Only God can offer salvation: it cannot be earned

 

<>-challenges notion that the clergy are intermediaries b/t God and humanity

 
    1. John Calvin (Institutes of the Christian Religion)

      2. -like Luther, Calvin emphasizes the sinful nature of humanity and that God’s grace is the only way to salvation. Calvin emphasized the doctrine of predestination.

    2. King Henry VIII

      3. -When Pope Clement VII refuses Henry a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, Henry rejects the authority of the pope (1527)

      -Parliament (1534) declares the king the Supreme Head of the Church of England

    3. Why the Protests?: Theological reasons, Political reasons

      4.  

    4. Effects of Protestantism:

Economic

Theological

Political

Greater freedoms

Change in the Arts

 

  1. IDEAS