ROMANTIC PERIOD

Romanticism

-emotion over intellect

-mystery over reason

-passion over restraint

-freedom over rules

-supremacy of the individual over crowd

Hope-

Knowledge is really possible; we can understand our world

Reality-

"As science progressed, the universe seemed to grow more mysterious and less predictable" (Fleming, p. 511)

Hope-

Condorcet: Progress will bring about earthly paradise

"Thus the day will come when the sun will shine only on free men born knowing no other master but their reason" (Condorcet, Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind: Tenth Epoch 1794)

Reality-

Intolerance in early days of French Revolution

Reign of Terror

Equality and fraternity eroded under Napolean

Unprecedented economic disparity (Cf., Karl Marx)

Hope-

Condorcet:

-Mechanization will improve ease of labor and working time

Reality-

-People become purchased as things (wage labor)

Marx and Engels (Communist Manifesto 1848)

-As technology increases, people become more and more dehumanized (the mundane life of factory "Hands")

-Class struggle:

-Video excerpt

-Eventually even people and art outside of the capitalist market are traded as market items.

-Use value, market value

Jacques Louis David The Tennis Court Oath 1789-91

-The bourgeois middle class vowed to band together until France had new constitution

Eugene Delacroix: art meets the spirit of the time

Liberty Leading the People, 1830 (Fig 18.1)

-Delacroix looks to Lord Byron and Goethe’s Faust for subject matter

fantasy of literary world is chosen over real world

Theodore Gericault

-studied Michelangelo’s nudes in Rome

-characters do not look as famished as they would have been in reality

Francisco Goya

Francois Rude

Gothic Revival: England, America

Gothic Revival: Germany, France

Victor Hugo

Hector Berlioz

Wagner